Tehran University of Medical Sciences The Research in Heart Yield and Translational Medicine (RHYTHM) 3115-7270 10 2 2015 10 13 106 108 EN Vasileios Patris Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK. Orestis Argiriou Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. Niki Lama Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK. Haris Georgiou Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece. Constantine Halkias North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK. Christos Charitos Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece. 2015 10 13 2015 10 13 Cutaneous complications caused by a pacemaker or defibrillator are widely documented, but the development of a bronchocutaneous fistula has never been described before. We report the case of a 79-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of a seemingly superficial cutaneous infection, externalized defibrillator leads, and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopical investigation proved the existence of the fistula, which connected the epicardium, the left main bronchus, and the aforementioned site of skin infection. The patient refused an operation for the complete removal of the epicardial defibrillator and was treated conservatively. This case demonstrated that the long-term presence of foreign bodies in the epicardium may cause serious complications https://jthc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/view/376 https://jthc.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jthc/article/download/376/369