Relationship between Paraoxonase-1 and Arylesterase Enzyme Activities and SYNTAX I and II Scores in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
,
Abstract
Background: Although serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARE) activities are linked to the presence of stable coronary arterial disease, their correlation with SYNTAX Score I (SS1) and SYNTAX Score II (SS2) has not been known well. Our aim was to determine the association between PON-1 and ARE activities, together with the genetic polymorphism of PON-1, and both SS1 and SS2 in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: Consecutive patients with acute STEMI (n=102: 78 male, 24 female; mean age=61.14±12.25 y) admitted to the Emergency Department of Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Hospital between August 2018 and December 2018 were enrolled. PON-1 and ARE activities were determined on hospital admission. The SS1 and SS2 scores were calculated by using the angiographic and clinical data. Subsequently, the relationships between the activities of the enzymes, together with the genetic polymorphism of PON-1, and both SS1 and SS2 were interrogated.
Results: The mean SS1 and the mean SS2 were 19.8±9.7 and 32.3±11.5, respectively. The phenotype distributions of PON-1 were Q192Q (n=60), R192Q (n=35), and R192R (n=7). The respective PON-1 (U/L) and ARE (kU/L) activities were 514.85±29.34 and 216.82±36.72 in the low SS1 category; 527.60±56.31 and 203.95±55.97 in the intermediate SS1 category; and, 690.10±11.07 and 238.48±45.65 in the high SS1 category.PON-1 and ARE activities did not correlate with the SS1 categories, and varying SS2 scores. The distribution of the Q192R polymorphism was homogenous among the different SS1 and SS2 scores. The localization of acute STEMI also did not associate with the activities of either enzyme.
Conclusion: Admission serum PON-1 and ARE activities, together with the PON-1 Q192R genetic polymorphism, showed association neither with SS1 and SS2 nor with the localization of infarction in our acute STEMI patients.
1. Tu JV, Austin PC, Filate WA, Johansen HL, Brien SE, Pilote L, Alter DA; Canadian Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Team. Outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in Canada. Can J Cardiol 2003;19:893-901.
2. Tu JV, Donovan LR, Lee DS, Wang JT, Austin PC, Alter DA, Ko DT. Effectiveness of public report cards for improving the quality of cardiac care: the EFFECT study: a randomized trial. JAMA 2009;302:2330-2337.
3. Fearon IM, Faux SP. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease: novel tools give (free) radical insight. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009;47:372-381.
4. Gomaraschi M, Calabresi L, Franceschini G. High-density lipoproteins: a therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006;10:561-572.
5. Besler C, Heinrich K, Rohrer L, Doerries C, Riwanto M, Shih DM, Chroni A, Yonekawa K, Stein S, Schaefer N, Mueller M, Akhmedov A, Daniil G, Manes C, Templin C, Wyss C, Maier W, Tanner FC, Matter CM, Corti R, Furlong C, Lusis AJ, von Eckardstein A, Fogelman AM, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U. Mechanisms underlying adverse effects of HDL on eNOS-activating pathways in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Invest 2011;121:2693-2708.
6. Khovidhunkit W, Kim MS, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. J Lipid Res 2004;45:1169-1196.
7. Gomaraschi M, Ossoli A, Favari E, Adorni MP, Sinagra G, Cattin L, Veglia F, Bernini F, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. Inflammation impairs eNOS activation by HDL in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Cardiovasc Res 2013;100:36-43.
8. Watson AD, Berliner JA, Hama SY, La Du BN, Faull KF, Fogelman AM, Navab M. Protective effect of high density lipoprotein associated paraoxonase. Inhibition of the biological activity of minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Clin Invest 1995;96:2882-2891.
9. Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Bisgaier CL, Newton RS, Primo-Parmo SL, La Du BN. Paraoxonase inhibits high-density lipoprotein oxidation and preserves its functions. A possible peroxidative role for paraoxonase. J Clin Invest 1998;101:1581-1590.
10. Senturk T, Sarandol E, Gullulu S, Erdinc S, Ozdabakoglu O, Ozdemir B, Baran I, Arslan S, Aydinlar A. Serum arylesterase activity is negatively correlated with inflammatory markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Saudi Med J 2009;30:334-339.
11. Pasqualini L, Cortese C, Marchesi S, Siepi D, Pirro M, Vaudo G, Liberatoscioli L, Gnasso A, Schillaci G, Mannarino E. Paraoxonase-1 activity modulates endothelial function in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 2005;183:349-354.
12. Granér M, James RW, Kahri J, Nieminen MS, Syvänne M, Taskinen MR. Association of paraoxonase-1 activity and concentration with angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:2429-2435.
13. Mackness MI, Mackness B, Durrington PN, Connelly PW, Hegele RA. Paraoxonase: biochemistry, genetics and relationship to plasma lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 1996;7:69-76.
14. Mackness MI, Arrol S, Mackness B, Durrington PN. Alloenzymes of paraoxonase and effectiveness of high-density lipoproteins in protecting low-density lipoprotein against lipid peroxidation. Lancet 1997;349:851-852.
15. Alharbi KK. Genetic polymorphisms in paraoxonase 1 and G protein-coupled receptor 77, and the risk of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in a Saudi population. Saudi Med J 2015;36:544-548.
16. Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP, Morice MC, Colombo A, Dawkins K, van den Brand M, Van Dyck N, Russell ME, Mohr FW, Serruys PW. The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. EuroIntervention 2005;1:219-227.
17. Papadopoulos K, Lekakis I, Nicolaides E. The predictive value of the SYNTAX score in patients with chronic coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting: a pilot study. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2017;11:28-32.
18. Farooq V, van Klaveren D, Steyerberg EW, Meliga E, Vergouwe Y, Chieffo A, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Jr, Mack M, Feldman T, Morice MC, Ståhle E, Onuma Y, Morel MA, Garcia-Garcia HM, van Es GA, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, Serruys PW. Anatomical and clinical characteristics to guide decision making between coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for individual patients: development and validation of SYNTAX score II. Lancet 2013;381:639-650.
19. Gur M, Aslan M, Yildiz A, Demirbag R, Yilmaz R, Selek S, Erel O, Ozdogru I. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2006;36:779-787.
20. Cheraghi M, Shahsavari G, Maleki A, Ahmadvand H. Paraoxonase 1 activity, lipid profile, and atherogenic indexes status in coronary heart disease. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2017;6:1-7.
21. Han Y, Dorajoo R, Ke T, Ayala B, Chang X, Khor CC, van Dam RM, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Liu J, Goh DY, Friedlander Y, Heng CK. Interaction effects between Paraoxonase 1 variants and cigarette smoking on risk of coronary heart disease in a Singaporean Chinese population. Atherosclerosis 2015;240:40-45.
22. Sayın Kocakap DB, Doğru MT, Şimşek V, Çabuk F, Yıldırım N, Çelik Y, Alyılmaz Bekmez S, Erdem S. The association of paraoxonase 1 gene L55M polymorphism with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in the Turkish population and its dependence on gender. Anatol J Cardiol 2016;16:175-182.
23. Aksoy S, Cam N, Gurkan U, Oz D, Özden K, Altay S, Durmus G, Agirbasli M. Oxidative stress and severity of coronary artery disease in young smokers with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiol J 2012;19:381-386.
24. Gür M, Türkoğlu C, Taşkın A, Uçar H, Börekçi A, Seker T, Gözükara MY, Kaypaklı O, Akyol S, Selek S, Sahin DY, Elbasan Z, Caylı M. Paraoxonase-1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with and without no-reflow. Atherosclerosis 2014;234:415-420.
25. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD; Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction, Katus HA, Lindahl B, Morrow DA, Clemmensen PM, Johanson P, Hod H, Underwood R, Bax JJ, Bonow RO, Pinto F, Gibbons RJ, Fox KA, Atar D, Newby LK, Galvani M, Hamm CW, Uretsky BF, Steg PG, Wijns W, Bassand JP, Menasché P, Ravkilde J, Ohman EM, Antman EM, Wallentin LC, Armstrong PW, Simoons ML, Januzzi JL, Nieminen MS, Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, Luepker RV, Fortmann SP, Rosamond WD, Levy D, Wood D, Smith SC, Hu D, Lopez-Sendon JL, Robertson RM, Weaver D, Tendera M, Bove AA, Parkhomenko AN, Vasilieva EJ, Mendis S. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2012;126:2020-2035.
26. Quiñones MA, Otto CM, Stoddard M, Waggoner A, Zoghbi WA; Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:167-184.
27. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, Caforio ALP, Crea F, Goudevenos JA, Halvorsen S, Hindricks G, Kastrati A, Lenzen MJ, Prescott E, Roffi M, Valgimigli M, Varenhorst C, Vranckx P, Widimský P; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2018;39:119-177.
28. Aslan M, Kosecik M, Horoz M, Selek S, Celik H, Erel O. Assessment of paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Atherosclerosis 2007;191:397-402.
29. Haagen L, Brock A. A new automated method for phenotyping arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) based upon inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate by phenyl acetate. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1992;30:391-395.
30. Manresa JM, Tomás M, Ribes E, Pi-Figueras M, Aguilera A, Sentí M, Marrugat J. Paraoxonase 1 gene 192 polymorphism, physical activity and lipoprotein in women. Med Clin (Barc) 2004;122:126-129.
31. Goswami B, Tayal D, Gupta N, Mallika V. Paraoxonase: a multifaceted biomolecule. Clin Chim Acta 2009;410:1-12.
32. Richter RJ, Jarvik GP, Furlong CE. Paraoxonase 1 status as a risk factor for disease or exposure. Adv Exp Med Biol 2010;660:29-35.
33. Richter RJ, Furlong CE. Determination of paraoxonase (PON1) status requires more than genotyping. Pharmacogenetics 1999;9:745-753.
34. Eckerson HW, Romson J, Wyte C, La Du BN. The human serum paraoxonase polymorphism: identification of phenotypes by their response to salts. Am J Hum Genet 1983;35:214-227.
35. Mackness M, Mackness B. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis: is the gene or the protein more important? Free Radic Biol Med 2004;37:1317-1323.
36. Mutch E, Daly AK, Williams FM. The Relationship between PON1 phenotype and PON1-192 genotype in detoxification of three oxons by human liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35:315-320.
37. Akçay AB, Camsarı A, Ozcan T, Ciçek D, Akkuş N, Seyis S, Cimen B, Celebi B, Döven O, Cin G. The relationship between paraoxonase-1 activity and coronary artery disease in patients with metabolic syndrome. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2011;39:371-377.
38. Erenler AK, Kocabaş R, Doğan T, Erdemli HK, Yetim M. Paraoxanase as an indicator of myocardial ischemia and its utility in determining extension of ischemia. Am J Emerg Med 2016;34:45-48.
39. Wang X, Fan Z, Huang J, Su S, Yu Q, Zhao J, Hui R, Yao Z, Shen Y, Qiang B, Gu D. Extensive association analysis between polymorphisms of PON gene cluster with coronary heart disease in Chinese Han population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:328-334.
40. Bhattacharyya T, Nicholls SJ, Topol EJ, Zhang R, Yang X, Schmitt D, Fu X, Shao M, Brennan DM, Ellis SG, Brennan ML, Allayee H, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Relationship of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and functional activity with systemic oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk. JAMA 2008;299:1265-1276.
41. Herrmann SM, Blanc H, Poirier O, Arveiler D, Luc G, Evans A, Marques-Vidal P, Bard JM, Cambien F. The Gln/Arg polymorphism of human paraoxonase (PON 192) is not related to myocardial infarction in the ECTIM Study. Atherosclerosis 1996;126:299-303.
42. Ombres D, Pannitteri G, Montali A, Candeloro A, Seccareccia F, Campagna F, Cantini R, Campa PP, Ricci G, Arca M. The gln-Arg192 polymorphism of human paraoxonase gene is not associated with coronary artery disease in italian patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:1611-1616.
43. Tang WH, Hartiala J, Fan Y, Wu Y, Stewart AF, Erdmann J, Kathiresan S; CARDIoGRAM Consortium, Roberts R, McPherson R, Allayee H, Hazen SL. Clinical and genetic association of serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities with cardiovascular risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:2803-2812.
44. Birjmohun RS, Vergeer M, Stroes ES, Sandhu MS, Ricketts SL, Tanck MW, Wareham NJ, Jukema JW, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM. Both paraoxonase-1 genotype and activity do not predict the risk of future coronary artery disease; the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. PLoS One 2009;4:e6809.
2. Tu JV, Donovan LR, Lee DS, Wang JT, Austin PC, Alter DA, Ko DT. Effectiveness of public report cards for improving the quality of cardiac care: the EFFECT study: a randomized trial. JAMA 2009;302:2330-2337.
3. Fearon IM, Faux SP. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease: novel tools give (free) radical insight. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009;47:372-381.
4. Gomaraschi M, Calabresi L, Franceschini G. High-density lipoproteins: a therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006;10:561-572.
5. Besler C, Heinrich K, Rohrer L, Doerries C, Riwanto M, Shih DM, Chroni A, Yonekawa K, Stein S, Schaefer N, Mueller M, Akhmedov A, Daniil G, Manes C, Templin C, Wyss C, Maier W, Tanner FC, Matter CM, Corti R, Furlong C, Lusis AJ, von Eckardstein A, Fogelman AM, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U. Mechanisms underlying adverse effects of HDL on eNOS-activating pathways in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Invest 2011;121:2693-2708.
6. Khovidhunkit W, Kim MS, Memon RA, Shigenaga JK, Moser AH, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. J Lipid Res 2004;45:1169-1196.
7. Gomaraschi M, Ossoli A, Favari E, Adorni MP, Sinagra G, Cattin L, Veglia F, Bernini F, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. Inflammation impairs eNOS activation by HDL in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Cardiovasc Res 2013;100:36-43.
8. Watson AD, Berliner JA, Hama SY, La Du BN, Faull KF, Fogelman AM, Navab M. Protective effect of high density lipoprotein associated paraoxonase. Inhibition of the biological activity of minimally oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Clin Invest 1995;96:2882-2891.
9. Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Bisgaier CL, Newton RS, Primo-Parmo SL, La Du BN. Paraoxonase inhibits high-density lipoprotein oxidation and preserves its functions. A possible peroxidative role for paraoxonase. J Clin Invest 1998;101:1581-1590.
10. Senturk T, Sarandol E, Gullulu S, Erdinc S, Ozdabakoglu O, Ozdemir B, Baran I, Arslan S, Aydinlar A. Serum arylesterase activity is negatively correlated with inflammatory markers in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Saudi Med J 2009;30:334-339.
11. Pasqualini L, Cortese C, Marchesi S, Siepi D, Pirro M, Vaudo G, Liberatoscioli L, Gnasso A, Schillaci G, Mannarino E. Paraoxonase-1 activity modulates endothelial function in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 2005;183:349-354.
12. Granér M, James RW, Kahri J, Nieminen MS, Syvänne M, Taskinen MR. Association of paraoxonase-1 activity and concentration with angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:2429-2435.
13. Mackness MI, Mackness B, Durrington PN, Connelly PW, Hegele RA. Paraoxonase: biochemistry, genetics and relationship to plasma lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 1996;7:69-76.
14. Mackness MI, Arrol S, Mackness B, Durrington PN. Alloenzymes of paraoxonase and effectiveness of high-density lipoproteins in protecting low-density lipoprotein against lipid peroxidation. Lancet 1997;349:851-852.
15. Alharbi KK. Genetic polymorphisms in paraoxonase 1 and G protein-coupled receptor 77, and the risk of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in a Saudi population. Saudi Med J 2015;36:544-548.
16. Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP, Morice MC, Colombo A, Dawkins K, van den Brand M, Van Dyck N, Russell ME, Mohr FW, Serruys PW. The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. EuroIntervention 2005;1:219-227.
17. Papadopoulos K, Lekakis I, Nicolaides E. The predictive value of the SYNTAX score in patients with chronic coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting: a pilot study. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2017;11:28-32.
18. Farooq V, van Klaveren D, Steyerberg EW, Meliga E, Vergouwe Y, Chieffo A, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Jr, Mack M, Feldman T, Morice MC, Ståhle E, Onuma Y, Morel MA, Garcia-Garcia HM, van Es GA, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, Serruys PW. Anatomical and clinical characteristics to guide decision making between coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for individual patients: development and validation of SYNTAX score II. Lancet 2013;381:639-650.
19. Gur M, Aslan M, Yildiz A, Demirbag R, Yilmaz R, Selek S, Erel O, Ozdogru I. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2006;36:779-787.
20. Cheraghi M, Shahsavari G, Maleki A, Ahmadvand H. Paraoxonase 1 activity, lipid profile, and atherogenic indexes status in coronary heart disease. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2017;6:1-7.
21. Han Y, Dorajoo R, Ke T, Ayala B, Chang X, Khor CC, van Dam RM, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Liu J, Goh DY, Friedlander Y, Heng CK. Interaction effects between Paraoxonase 1 variants and cigarette smoking on risk of coronary heart disease in a Singaporean Chinese population. Atherosclerosis 2015;240:40-45.
22. Sayın Kocakap DB, Doğru MT, Şimşek V, Çabuk F, Yıldırım N, Çelik Y, Alyılmaz Bekmez S, Erdem S. The association of paraoxonase 1 gene L55M polymorphism with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in the Turkish population and its dependence on gender. Anatol J Cardiol 2016;16:175-182.
23. Aksoy S, Cam N, Gurkan U, Oz D, Özden K, Altay S, Durmus G, Agirbasli M. Oxidative stress and severity of coronary artery disease in young smokers with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiol J 2012;19:381-386.
24. Gür M, Türkoğlu C, Taşkın A, Uçar H, Börekçi A, Seker T, Gözükara MY, Kaypaklı O, Akyol S, Selek S, Sahin DY, Elbasan Z, Caylı M. Paraoxonase-1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with and without no-reflow. Atherosclerosis 2014;234:415-420.
25. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD; Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction, Katus HA, Lindahl B, Morrow DA, Clemmensen PM, Johanson P, Hod H, Underwood R, Bax JJ, Bonow RO, Pinto F, Gibbons RJ, Fox KA, Atar D, Newby LK, Galvani M, Hamm CW, Uretsky BF, Steg PG, Wijns W, Bassand JP, Menasché P, Ravkilde J, Ohman EM, Antman EM, Wallentin LC, Armstrong PW, Simoons ML, Januzzi JL, Nieminen MS, Gheorghiade M, Filippatos G, Luepker RV, Fortmann SP, Rosamond WD, Levy D, Wood D, Smith SC, Hu D, Lopez-Sendon JL, Robertson RM, Weaver D, Tendera M, Bove AA, Parkhomenko AN, Vasilieva EJ, Mendis S. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2012;126:2020-2035.
26. Quiñones MA, Otto CM, Stoddard M, Waggoner A, Zoghbi WA; Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:167-184.
27. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, Caforio ALP, Crea F, Goudevenos JA, Halvorsen S, Hindricks G, Kastrati A, Lenzen MJ, Prescott E, Roffi M, Valgimigli M, Varenhorst C, Vranckx P, Widimský P; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2018;39:119-177.
28. Aslan M, Kosecik M, Horoz M, Selek S, Celik H, Erel O. Assessment of paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Atherosclerosis 2007;191:397-402.
29. Haagen L, Brock A. A new automated method for phenotyping arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) based upon inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate by phenyl acetate. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1992;30:391-395.
30. Manresa JM, Tomás M, Ribes E, Pi-Figueras M, Aguilera A, Sentí M, Marrugat J. Paraoxonase 1 gene 192 polymorphism, physical activity and lipoprotein in women. Med Clin (Barc) 2004;122:126-129.
31. Goswami B, Tayal D, Gupta N, Mallika V. Paraoxonase: a multifaceted biomolecule. Clin Chim Acta 2009;410:1-12.
32. Richter RJ, Jarvik GP, Furlong CE. Paraoxonase 1 status as a risk factor for disease or exposure. Adv Exp Med Biol 2010;660:29-35.
33. Richter RJ, Furlong CE. Determination of paraoxonase (PON1) status requires more than genotyping. Pharmacogenetics 1999;9:745-753.
34. Eckerson HW, Romson J, Wyte C, La Du BN. The human serum paraoxonase polymorphism: identification of phenotypes by their response to salts. Am J Hum Genet 1983;35:214-227.
35. Mackness M, Mackness B. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis: is the gene or the protein more important? Free Radic Biol Med 2004;37:1317-1323.
36. Mutch E, Daly AK, Williams FM. The Relationship between PON1 phenotype and PON1-192 genotype in detoxification of three oxons by human liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35:315-320.
37. Akçay AB, Camsarı A, Ozcan T, Ciçek D, Akkuş N, Seyis S, Cimen B, Celebi B, Döven O, Cin G. The relationship between paraoxonase-1 activity and coronary artery disease in patients with metabolic syndrome. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2011;39:371-377.
38. Erenler AK, Kocabaş R, Doğan T, Erdemli HK, Yetim M. Paraoxanase as an indicator of myocardial ischemia and its utility in determining extension of ischemia. Am J Emerg Med 2016;34:45-48.
39. Wang X, Fan Z, Huang J, Su S, Yu Q, Zhao J, Hui R, Yao Z, Shen Y, Qiang B, Gu D. Extensive association analysis between polymorphisms of PON gene cluster with coronary heart disease in Chinese Han population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:328-334.
40. Bhattacharyya T, Nicholls SJ, Topol EJ, Zhang R, Yang X, Schmitt D, Fu X, Shao M, Brennan DM, Ellis SG, Brennan ML, Allayee H, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Relationship of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and functional activity with systemic oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk. JAMA 2008;299:1265-1276.
41. Herrmann SM, Blanc H, Poirier O, Arveiler D, Luc G, Evans A, Marques-Vidal P, Bard JM, Cambien F. The Gln/Arg polymorphism of human paraoxonase (PON 192) is not related to myocardial infarction in the ECTIM Study. Atherosclerosis 1996;126:299-303.
42. Ombres D, Pannitteri G, Montali A, Candeloro A, Seccareccia F, Campagna F, Cantini R, Campa PP, Ricci G, Arca M. The gln-Arg192 polymorphism of human paraoxonase gene is not associated with coronary artery disease in italian patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:1611-1616.
43. Tang WH, Hartiala J, Fan Y, Wu Y, Stewart AF, Erdmann J, Kathiresan S; CARDIoGRAM Consortium, Roberts R, McPherson R, Allayee H, Hazen SL. Clinical and genetic association of serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities with cardiovascular risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:2803-2812.
44. Birjmohun RS, Vergeer M, Stroes ES, Sandhu MS, Ricketts SL, Tanck MW, Wareham NJ, Jukema JW, Kastelein JJ, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM. Both paraoxonase-1 genotype and activity do not predict the risk of future coronary artery disease; the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. PLoS One 2009;4:e6809.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 4 (2019): J Teh Univ Heart Ctr | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v14i4.1989 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Myocardial infarction ST elevation myocardial infarction Clinical enzyme tests Arylesterase | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Sökmen E, Çelik M, Sivri S, Güçlü K. Relationship between Paraoxonase-1 and Arylesterase Enzyme Activities and SYNTAX I and II Scores in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2019;14(4):156-164.
