Case Report

Energy Drink-Associated Cardiomyopathy after Excessive Consumption: A Case Report

Abstract

The basic components of energy drinks include caffeine, guarana, taurine, ginseng, and sugar. The excessive consumption of energy drinks has been associated with cardiovascular events such as tachycardia and myocardial infarction in the literature. We herein describe a 24-year-old man admitted to the emergency department. The patient’s medical history and family history were unremarkable. It was, however, learned that he had consumed 8 to 10 cans of energy drinks per day (3.5–4 Lit/d) in the 2-week period leading to the hospital admission. Physical examination revealed bilateral diffuse rales and 2+ pretibial edema. Echocardiography showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 25% with global left ventricular hypokinesia and dilated left ventricular dimensions. Coronary angiography demonstrated normal coronary arteries. On cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the left ventricle was dilated, and the systolic function was reduced. No pathological enhancement was observed. This case report and many previous studies support a possible link between caffeinated energy drinks and cardiovascular events.

1. Reissig CJ, Strain EC, Griffiths RR. Caffeinated energy drinks--a growing problem. Drug Alcohol Depend 2009;99:1-10.
2. Wassef B, Kohansieh M, Makaryus AN. Effects of energy drinks on the cardiovascular system. World J Cardiol 2017;9:796-806.
3. De Sanctis V, Soliman N, Soliman AT, Elsedfy H, Di Maio S, El Kholy M, Fiscina B. Caffeinated energy drink consumption among adolescents and potential health consequences associated with their use: a significant public health hazard. Acta Biomed 2017;88:222-231.
4. Wolk BJ, Ganetsky M, Babu KM. Toxicity of energy drinks. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012;24:243-251.
5. Dobmeyer DJ, Stine RA, Leier CV, Greenberg R, Schaal SF. The arrhythmogenic effects of caffeine in human beings. N Engl J Med 1983;308:814-816.
6. Peake ST, Mehta PA, Dubrey SW. Atrial fibrillation-related cardiomyopathy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2007;1:111.
7. Fisk G, Hammond-Haley M, D'Silva A. Energy drink-induced cardiomyopathy. BMJ Case Rep 2021;14:e239370.
8. Papamichael CM, Aznaouridis KA, Karatzis EN. Effect of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects: the role of caffeine. Clin Sci 2005;109:55-60.
9. Smith N, Atroch AL. Guaraná’s journey from regional tonic to aphrodisiac and global energy drink. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2010;7:279-282.
10. Patrick M, Kim HA, Oketch-Rabah H, Marles RJ, Roe AL, Calderón AI. Safety of Guarana seed as a dietary ingredient: a review. J Agric Food Chem 2019;67:11281-11287.
11. DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ, Fares H, Menezes AR, O'Keefe JH. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2013;88:544-551.
12. Attele AS, Zhou YP, Xie JT, Wu JA, Zhang L, Dey L, Pugh W, Rue PA, Polonsky KS, Yuan CS. Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component. Diabetes 2002;51:1851-1858.
13. Goldfarb M, Tellier C, Thanassoulis G. Review of published cases of adverse cardiovascular events after ingestion of energy drinks. Am J Cardiol 2014;113:168-172.
Files
IssueVol 16 No 3 (2021): J Teh Univ Heart Ctr QRcode
SectionCase Report(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v16i3.8189
Keywords
Energy drinks Cardiomyopathy; dilated Heart failure
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Uyanik M, Gedikli O, Yildirim U. Energy Drink-Associated Cardiomyopathy after Excessive Consumption: A Case Report. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2021;16(3):119-122.