Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Blood Pressure, Mental Health, and Quality of Life in Hypertensive Adult Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the most important causes of cardiovascular diseases. Patients with hypertension have a lower quality of life. We aimed to evaluate the effects of mindfulness meditation on blood pressure, mental health, and quality of life in patients with hypertension.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed in 2019 in Isfahan. Eighty adult women with Stage I or II hypertension were included and assigned randomly to 2 groups: 12 weeks of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and routine care. At baseline and 1 week after the end of the intervention, blood pressure, stress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life of the studied participants were measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the independent t-test, the paired t-test, and the MANCOVA test.
Results: After the intervention, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with the baseline (142.82±11.01 mmHg vs 133.7±510.43 mmHg for systolic pressure and 86.12±8.24 mmHg vs 79.15±6.26 mmHg for diastolic pressure) and the control group (140.18±14.27 mmHg vs 142.15±10.23 mmHg for systolic pressure and 84.62± 9.22 vs mmHg 88.51±8.54 mmHg for diastolic pressure; P=0.001). There was also a significant increase in quality of life, stress, anxiety, and depression scores in the intervention group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The 12-week MBSR program resulted in a significant reduction in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and improvement in mental health and different aspects of quality of life.
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15. Addington EL, Javandel S, De Gruttola V, Paul R, Milanini B, Ances BM, Moskowitz JT, Valcour V. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: Rationale and protocol for a randomized controlled trial in older adults. Contemp Clin Trials 2020;98:106150.
16. Campbell TS, Labelle LE, Bacon SL, Faris P, Carlson LE. Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on attention, rumination and resting blood pressure in women with cancer: a waitlist-controlled study. J Behav Med 2012;35:262-271.
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18. Sangsefidi ZS, Mirzaei M, Hosseinzadeh M. The relation between dietary intakes and psychological disorders in Iranian adults: a population-based study. BMC Psychiatry 2020;20:257.
19. Peipert JD, Bentler PM, Klicko K, Hays RD. Psychometric Properties of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36-Item Short-Form Survey (KDQOL-36) in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 2018;71:461-468.
20. Motamed N, Ayatollahi AR, Zare N, Sadeghi-Hassanabadi A. Validity and reliability of the Persian translation of the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. East Mediterr Health J 2005;11:349-357.
21. Abbott RA, Whear R, Rodgers LR, Bethel A, Thompson Coon J, Kuyken W, Stein K, Dickens C. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness based cognitive therapy in vascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Psychosom Res 2014;76:341-351.
22. Hughes JW, Fresco DM, Myerscough R, van Dulmen MH, Carlson LE, Josephson R. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for prehypertension. Psychosom Med 2013;75:721-728.
23. Niazi AK, Niazi SK. Mindfulness-based stress reduction: a non-pharmacological approach for chronic illnesses. N Am J Med Sci 2011;3:20-23.
24. Ponte Márquez PH, Feliu-Soler A, Solé-Villa MJ, Matas-Pericas L, Filella-Agullo D, Ruiz-Herrerias M, Soler-Ribaudi J, Roca-Cusachs Coll A, Arroyo-Díaz JA. Benefits of mindfulness meditation in reducing blood pressure and stress in patients with arterial hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2019;33:237-247.
25. Thiermann UB, Sheate WR, Vercammen A. Practice Matters: Pro-environmental Motivations and Diet-Related Impact Vary With Meditation Experience. Front Psychol 2020;11:584353.
26. Nyklícek I, Kuijpers KF. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism? Ann Behav Med 2008;35:331-340.
27. Fortney L, Luchterhand C, Zakletskaia L, Zgierska A, Rakel D. Abbreviated mindfulness intervention for job satisfaction, quality of life, and compassion in primary care clinicians: a pilot study. Ann Fam Med 2013;11:412-420.
28. Blom K, Baker B, How M, Dai M, Irvine J, Abbey S, Abramson BL, Myers MG, Kiss A, Perkins NJ, Tobe SW. Hypertension analysis of stress reduction using mindfulness meditation and yoga: results from the HARMONY randomized controlled trial. Am J Hypertens 2014;27:122-129.
29. Hofmann SG, Gómez AF. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2017;40:739-749.
30. Conversano C, Orrù G, Pozza A, Miccoli M, Ciacchini R, Marchi L, Gemignani A. Is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Effective for People with Hypertension? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 30 Years of Evidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:2882.
31. Modesti PA, Morabito M, Massetti L, Rapi S, Orlandini S, Mancia G, Gensini GF, Parati G. Seasonal blood pressure changes: an independent relationship with temperature and daylight hours. Hypertension 2013;61:908-914.
32. Stergiou GS, Palatini P, Modesti PA, Asayama K, Asmar R, Bilo G, de la Sierra A, Dolan E, Head G, Kario K, Kollias A, Manios E, Mihailidou AS, Myers M, Niiranen T, Ohkubo T, Protogerou A, Wang J, O'Brien E, Parati G. Seasonal variation in blood pressure: Evidence, consensus and recommendations for clinical practice. Consensus statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability. J Hypertens 2020;38:1235-1243.
2. Mirzaei M, Moayedallaie S, Jabbari L, Mohammadi M. Prevalence of Hypertension in Iran 1980-2012: A Systematic Review. J Teh Univ Heart Ctr 2016;11:159-167.
3. Nerenberg KA, Zarnke KB, Leung AA, Dasgupta K, Butalia S, McBrien K, Harris KC, Nakhla M, Cloutier L, Gelfer M, Lamarre-Cliche M, Milot A, Bolli P, Tremblay G, McLean D, Padwal RS, Tran KC, Grover S, Rabkin SW, Moe GW, Howlett JG, Lindsay P, Hill MD, Sharma M, Field T, Wein TH, Shoamanesh A, Dresser GK, Hamet P, Herman RJ, Burgess E, Gryn SE, Grégoire JC, Lewanczuk R, Poirier L, Campbell TS, Feldman RD, Lavoie KL, Tsuyuki RT, Honos G, Prebtani APH, Kline G, Schiffrin EL, Don-Wauchope A, Tobe SW, Gilbert RE, Leiter LA, Jones C, Woo V, Hegele RA, Selby P, Pipe A, McFarlane PA, Oh P, Gupta M, Bacon SL, Kaczorowski J, Trudeau L, Campbell NRC, Hiremath S, Roerecke M, Arcand J, Ruzicka M, Prasad GVR, Vallée M, Edwards C, Sivapalan P, Penner SB, Fournier A, Benoit G, Feber J, Dionne J, Magee LA, Logan AG, Côté AM, Rey E, Firoz T, Kuyper LM, Gabor JY, Townsend RR, Rabi DM, Daskalopoulou SS; Hypertension Canada. Hypertension Canada's 2018 Guidelines for Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children. Can J Cardiol 2018;34:506-525.
4. Trevisol DJ, Moreira LB, Kerkhoff A, Fuchs SC, Fuchs FD. Health-related quality of life and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Hypertens 2011;29:179-188.
5. Carvalho MV, Siqueira LB, Sousa AL, Jardim PC. The influence of hypertension on quality of life. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013;100:164-174.
6. Turner-McGrievy G, Davidson CR, Billings DL. Dietary intake, eating behaviors, and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who are trying to conceive. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2015;18:16-21.
7. Ha NT, Duy HT, Le NH, Khanal V, Moorin R. Quality of life among people living with hypertension in a rural Vietnam community. BMC Public Health 2014;14:833.
8. Zadeh AR, Eghbal AF, Mirghazanfari SM, Ghasemzadeh MR, Nassireslami E, Donyavi V. Nigella sativa extract in the treatment of depression and serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels. J Res Med Sci 2022;15;27:28.
9. Wen J, Shi YK, Li YP, Yuan P, Wang F. Quality of life, physical diseases, and psychological impairment among survivors 3 years after Wenchuan earthquake: a population based survey. PLoS One 2012;7:e43081.
10. Keller A, Litzelman K, Wisk LE, Maddox T, Cheng ER, Creswell PD, Witt WP. Does the perception that stress affects health matter? The association with health and mortality. Health Psychol 2012;31:677-684.
11. Vigo D, Thornicroft G, Atun R. Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry 2016;3:171-178.
12. Creswell JD. Mindfulness Interventions. Annu Rev Psychol 2017;68:491-516.
13. Lu H, Song Y, Xu M, Wang X, Li X, Liu J. The brain structure correlates of individual differences in trait mindfulness: a voxel-based morphometry study. Neuroscience 2014;272:21-28.
14. Engen HG, Bernhardt BC, Skottnik L, Ricard M, Singer T. Structural changes in socio-affective networks: Multi-modal MRI findings in long-term meditation practitioners. Neuropsychologia 2018;116(Pt A):26-33.
15. Addington EL, Javandel S, De Gruttola V, Paul R, Milanini B, Ances BM, Moskowitz JT, Valcour V. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: Rationale and protocol for a randomized controlled trial in older adults. Contemp Clin Trials 2020;98:106150.
16. Campbell TS, Labelle LE, Bacon SL, Faris P, Carlson LE. Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on attention, rumination and resting blood pressure in women with cancer: a waitlist-controlled study. J Behav Med 2012;35:262-271.
17. Palta P, Page G, Piferi RL, Gill JM, Hayat MJ, Connolly AB, Szanton SL. Evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention program to decrease blood pressure in low-income African-American older adults. J Urban Health 2012;89:308-316.
18. Sangsefidi ZS, Mirzaei M, Hosseinzadeh M. The relation between dietary intakes and psychological disorders in Iranian adults: a population-based study. BMC Psychiatry 2020;20:257.
19. Peipert JD, Bentler PM, Klicko K, Hays RD. Psychometric Properties of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36-Item Short-Form Survey (KDQOL-36) in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 2018;71:461-468.
20. Motamed N, Ayatollahi AR, Zare N, Sadeghi-Hassanabadi A. Validity and reliability of the Persian translation of the SF-36 version 2 questionnaire. East Mediterr Health J 2005;11:349-357.
21. Abbott RA, Whear R, Rodgers LR, Bethel A, Thompson Coon J, Kuyken W, Stein K, Dickens C. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness based cognitive therapy in vascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Psychosom Res 2014;76:341-351.
22. Hughes JW, Fresco DM, Myerscough R, van Dulmen MH, Carlson LE, Josephson R. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for prehypertension. Psychosom Med 2013;75:721-728.
23. Niazi AK, Niazi SK. Mindfulness-based stress reduction: a non-pharmacological approach for chronic illnesses. N Am J Med Sci 2011;3:20-23.
24. Ponte Márquez PH, Feliu-Soler A, Solé-Villa MJ, Matas-Pericas L, Filella-Agullo D, Ruiz-Herrerias M, Soler-Ribaudi J, Roca-Cusachs Coll A, Arroyo-Díaz JA. Benefits of mindfulness meditation in reducing blood pressure and stress in patients with arterial hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2019;33:237-247.
25. Thiermann UB, Sheate WR, Vercammen A. Practice Matters: Pro-environmental Motivations and Diet-Related Impact Vary With Meditation Experience. Front Psychol 2020;11:584353.
26. Nyklícek I, Kuijpers KF. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on psychological well-being and quality of life: is increased mindfulness indeed the mechanism? Ann Behav Med 2008;35:331-340.
27. Fortney L, Luchterhand C, Zakletskaia L, Zgierska A, Rakel D. Abbreviated mindfulness intervention for job satisfaction, quality of life, and compassion in primary care clinicians: a pilot study. Ann Fam Med 2013;11:412-420.
28. Blom K, Baker B, How M, Dai M, Irvine J, Abbey S, Abramson BL, Myers MG, Kiss A, Perkins NJ, Tobe SW. Hypertension analysis of stress reduction using mindfulness meditation and yoga: results from the HARMONY randomized controlled trial. Am J Hypertens 2014;27:122-129.
29. Hofmann SG, Gómez AF. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Anxiety and Depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2017;40:739-749.
30. Conversano C, Orrù G, Pozza A, Miccoli M, Ciacchini R, Marchi L, Gemignani A. Is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Effective for People with Hypertension? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 30 Years of Evidence. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:2882.
31. Modesti PA, Morabito M, Massetti L, Rapi S, Orlandini S, Mancia G, Gensini GF, Parati G. Seasonal blood pressure changes: an independent relationship with temperature and daylight hours. Hypertension 2013;61:908-914.
32. Stergiou GS, Palatini P, Modesti PA, Asayama K, Asmar R, Bilo G, de la Sierra A, Dolan E, Head G, Kario K, Kollias A, Manios E, Mihailidou AS, Myers M, Niiranen T, Ohkubo T, Protogerou A, Wang J, O'Brien E, Parati G. Seasonal variation in blood pressure: Evidence, consensus and recommendations for clinical practice. Consensus statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability. J Hypertens 2020;38:1235-1243.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 3 (2022): J Teh Univ Heart Ctr | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v17i3.10845 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Mindfulness Mental health Hypertension Quality of life | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Babak A, Motamedi N, Mousavi SZ, Ghasemi Darestani N. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Blood Pressure, Mental Health, and Quality of Life in Hypertensive Adult Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2022;17(3):127-133.
