Comparison of Perceived Self-efficacy, Benefits, and Barriers of Hypertension Control between Male and Female Patients Referred to Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran
,
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a health problem. The purpose of the present study was to compare perceived self-efficacy, benefits, and barriers of hypertension control between male and female patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 patients referred to Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran from August 2020 through March 2021. The convenience sampling method was used. The data collection tools consisted of a digital sphygmomanometer, a demographic form, and a researcher-made questionnaire of perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy of hypertension control, whose validity and reliability were obtained.
Results: The mean age of the male and female patients was 54.02±12.93 years and 56.48±12.10 years, respectively. The mean score of perceived barriers in women was lower than that in men, and the mean perceived self-efficacy in women was higher than that in men (P<0.001). According to the regression test, history of smoking in men and family history of hypertension and age in women were predictors of perceived benefits. Further, occupation and history of smoking in men and education level, family history of hypertension, and history of smoking in women were predictors of perceived barriers. Additionally, marital status, education level, and disease duration in men and education level, family history of hypertension, history of smoking, and age in women were predictors of perceived self-efficacy (P<0.050).
Conclusion: In men, the mean score of perceived barriers was higher and the mean score of perceived self-efficacy was lower. Additionally, the predictors of each of these perceptions were determined.
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32. Topouchian J, Agnoletti D, Blacher J, Youssef A, Chahine MN, Ibanez I, Assemani N, Asmar R. Validation of four devices: Omron M6 Comfort, Omron HEM-7420, Withings BP-800, and Polygreen KP-7670 for home blood pressure measurement according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2014;10:33-44.
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36. Darawad MW, Khalil AA, Hamdan-Mansour AM, Nofal BM. Perceived Exercise Self-Efficacy, Benefits and Barriers, and Commitment to a Plan for Exercise among Jordanians with Chronic Illnesses. Rehabil Nurs 2016;41:342-351.
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41. Farmer AJ, Wade AN, French DP, Simon J, Yudkin P, Gray A, Craven A, Goyder L, Holman RR, Mant D, Kinmonth AL, Neil HA; DiGEM Trial Group. Blood glucose self-monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Health Technol Assess 2009;13:iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-50.
42. Zareban I, Araban M, Rohani MR, Karimy M, Zamani-Alavijeh F, Babanejad M, Stein LAR. High blood pressure self-care among hypertensive patients in Iran: a theory-driven study. J Hum Hypertens 2022;36:445-452.
43. Parvizy S, Peyrovi H, Rostami H, Delkhosh M. Males' perspectives on health in Iran: A grounded theory study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017;31:40.
44. Neutel JM, Smith DH. Improving patient compliance: a major goal in the management of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2003;5:127-132.
45. Khairy S, Aslan A, Samara AM, Mousa I, Alkaiyat AS, Zyoud SH. Factors associated with self-efficacy in patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study from Palestine. J Health Popul Nutr 2021;40:1.
46. Wang Y, Xu L, Qin W, Zhang J, Xia Y, Jing X, Lu L, Jiao A, Li Y. Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60-74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16:5070.
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49. De Pasquale C, Pistorio ML, Corona D, Sinagra N, Giaquinta A, Zerbo D, Veroux P, Veroux M. Role of "self-efficacy" in the process of long-term care in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2014;46:2235-2237.
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52. Mašina T, Madžar T, Musil V, Milošević M. Differences in Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Among Croatian Medical Students According to Gender and Year of Study. Acta Clin Croat 2017;56:84-91.
53. Chacko S, Jeemon P. Role of family support and self-care practices in blood pressure control in individuals with hypertension: results from a cross-sectional study in Kollam District, Kerala. Wellcome Open Res 2020;5:180.
54. Khan MS, Bawany FI, Mirza A, Hussain M, Khan A, Lashari MN. Frequency and predictors of non-compliance to dietary recommendations among hypertensive patients. J Community Health 2014;39:732-736.
55. Bahari G, Scafide K, Krall J, Mallinson RK, Weinstein AA. Mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between family social support and hypertension self-care behaviours: A cross-sectional study of Saudi men with hypertension. Int J Nurs Pract 2019;25:e12785.
56. Long E, Ponder M, Bernard S. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to hypertension and hyperlipidemia self-management among African-American men living in the southeastern United States. Patient Educ Couns 2017;100:1000-1006.
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2. Mirzaei M, Moayedallaie S, Jabbari L, Mohammadi M. Prevalence of Hypertension in Iran 1980-2012: A Systematic Review. J Tehran Heart Cent 2016;11:159-167.
3. Hacihasanoglu R, Gozum S. The effect of patient education and home monitoring on medication compliance, hypertension management, healthy lifestyle behaviours and BMI in a primary health care setting. J Clin Nurs 2011;20:692-705.
4. Park JB, Kario K, Wang J-G. Systolic hypertension: an increasing clinical challenge in Asia. Hypertens Res 2015;38:227-236.
5. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants. Lancet 2017;389:37-55.
6. Oori MJ, Mohammadi F, Norozi K, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Ebadi A, Gheshlagh RG. Prevalence of HTN in Iran: Meta-analysis of Published Studies in 2004-2018. Curr Hypertens Rev 2019;15:113-122.
7. Mirzaei M, Mirzaei M, Gholami S, Abolhosseini H. Prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors in central Iran: Results from Yazd Health Study. ARYA Atheroscler 2021;17:1-9.
8. Haghdoost AA, Sadeghirad B, Rezazadehkermani M. Epidemiology and heterogeneity of hypertension in Iran: a systematic review. Arch Iran Med 2008;11:444-452.
9. Samad Z, Merchant AT, Narula JS, Virani SS. "All hands-on deck": An imperative for tackling hypertension in South Asia. Indian Heart J 2017;69:430-431.
10. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jr , Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT, Jr, Roccella EJ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560-2572.
11. Gebremichael GB, Berhe KK, Zemichael TM. Uncontrolled hypertension and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients in Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019;19:121.
12. Pakzad B, Akbari M, Baberi F. Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in an Isfahan State Institution Sample. J Tehran Heart Cent 2018;13:65-72.
13. Dennison CR, Houston Miller N, Cunningham SG. Hypertension. In: Woods SL, Sivarjan Froelicher ES, Motzer SU, Bridges EJ, eds. Cardiac Nursing. 6rd ed. Philadelphia/Baltimore/China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. p.799-817.
14. Elmer PJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Simons-Morton D, Stevens VJ, Young DR, Lin PH, Champagne C, Harsha DW, Svetkey LP, Ard J, Brantley PJ, Proschan MA, Erlinger TP, Appel LJ; PREMIER Collaborative Research Group. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on diet, weight, physical fitness, and blood pressure control: 18-month results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:485-495.
15. Marshall A, Nazroo J, Feeney K, Lee J, Vanhoutte B, Pendleton N. Comparison of hypertension healthcare outcomes among older people in the USA and England. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016;70:264-270.
16. Sharma M, Romas JA. The Health Belief Model. In: Sharma M, Romas JA, eds. Theoritical Foundations of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2rd ed. Sudbury, Ma/Mississauga,Ontario/ London: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2012. p.74-89.
17. Pender NJ, Murdaugh CL, Parsons MA. Individual Models to Promote Health Behavior. In: Pender NJ, Murdaugh CL, Parsons MA, eds. Health Promotion in Nursing Practice. 7rd ed. Boston/ Columbus/ Indianapolis/ New York /San Francisco /Upper Saddle River/Amsterdam/Cape Town /Dubai/London/Madrid/Milan/Munich/Paris/Montréal/Toronto/Delhi /Mexico City/ São Paulo/Sydney/Hong Kong/Seoul/ Singapore/Taipei/Tokyo: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2015. P. 26-53.
18. Karimy M, Araban M, Zareban I, Taher M, Abedi A. Determinants of adherence to self-care behavior among women with type 2 diabetes: an explanation based on health belief model. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2016;30: 368.
19. Baghianimoghadam MH, Shogafard G, Sanati HR, Baghianimoghadam B, Mazloomy SS, Askarshahi M. Application of the health belief model in promotion of self-care in heart failure patients. Acta Med Iran 2013;51:52-58.
20. Ma C. An investigation of factors influencing self-care behaviors in young and middle-aged adults with hypertension based on a health belief model. Heart Lung 2018;47:136-141.
21. Freund T, Gensichen J, Goetz K, Szecsenyi J, Mahler C. Evaluating self‐efficacy for managing chronic: psychometric properties of the six‐item Self‐Efficacy Scale in Germany. J Eval Clin Pract 2013;19:39-43.
22. Guo J, Lv W, Jiang S, Tang Y, Long Q, Yang J, Wiley JA, Parry M. Biological and sociocultural determinants of increased blood pressure among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus in rural China: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022;12:e049625.
23. Lee E, Park E. Self-care behavior and related factors in older patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Contemp Nurse 2017;53:607-621.
24. Canbulat N, Uzun O. Health beliefs and breast cancer screening behaviors among female health workers in Turkey. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2008;12:148-156.
25. Courtenay WH, McCreary DR, Merighi JR. Gender and ethnic differences in health beliefs and behaviors. J Health Psychol 2002;7:219-231.
26. Deeks A, Lombard C, Michelmore J, Teede H. The effects of gender and age on health related behaviors. BMC Public Health 2009;9:213.
27. Chen PL, Tsai YL, Lin MH, Wang J. Gender differences in health promotion behaviors and quality of life among community-dwelling elderly. J Women Aging 2018;30:259-274.
28. Vlassoff C. Gender differences in determinants and consequences of health and illness. J Health Popul Nutr 2007;25:47-61.
29. Varì R, Scazzocchio B, D'Amore A, Giovannini C, Gessani S, Masella R. Gender-related differences in lifestyle may affect health status. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2016;52:158-166.
30. Viswanath K. Perspectives on models of interpersonal health behavior. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, eds. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 4rd ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2008. p. 271-279.
31. Hatef M, Sharif Nia H, Mousavinasab N, Esmaeili R, Shafipour V. Self-efficacy and prediction of associated factors in patients with chronic diseases. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2018;28:86-94.
32. Topouchian J, Agnoletti D, Blacher J, Youssef A, Chahine MN, Ibanez I, Assemani N, Asmar R. Validation of four devices: Omron M6 Comfort, Omron HEM-7420, Withings BP-800, and Polygreen KP-7670 for home blood pressure measurement according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2014;10:33-44.
33. Takahashi H, Yokoi T, Yoshika M. Validation of the Omron M6 Comfort (HEM-7321-E) upper arm blood pressure monitor, in oscillometry mode, for clinic use and self measurement in a general population, according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010. shorturl.at/nHTV9 (29 November 2022).
34. Khorsandi M, Fekrizadeh Z, Roozbahani N. Investigation of the effect of education based on the health belief model on the adoption of hypertension-controlling behaviors in the elderly. Clin Interv Aging 2017;12:233-240.
35. Weston NM. Identifying perceptions of health promotion barriers and benefits in individuals at risk of coronary heart disease [Master's thesis]. Bozeman: Montana State University; 2008. https://rb.gy/lpk8i (10 December 2022).
36. Darawad MW, Khalil AA, Hamdan-Mansour AM, Nofal BM. Perceived Exercise Self-Efficacy, Benefits and Barriers, and Commitment to a Plan for Exercise among Jordanians with Chronic Illnesses. Rehabil Nurs 2016;41:342-351.
37. Edwards MM. Beliefs about hypertension among people with uncontrolled hypertension [Master's thesis]. Seattle: University of Washington; 2015. shorturl.at/ajny2 (10 December 2022).
38. Poudel K, Sumi N. Health Behavior Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases Among Nepali Adults. J Community Health 2017;42:1240-1246.
39. Gibson DS, Nathan AG, Quinn MT, Laiteerapong N. Patient expectations of hypertension and diabetes medication: Excessive focus on short-term benefits. SAGE Open Med 2018;6:2050312118821119.
40. Ford CD, Kim MJ, Dancy BL. Perceptions of hypertension and contributing personal and environmental factors among rural Southern African American women. Ethn Dis 2009;19:407-413.
41. Farmer AJ, Wade AN, French DP, Simon J, Yudkin P, Gray A, Craven A, Goyder L, Holman RR, Mant D, Kinmonth AL, Neil HA; DiGEM Trial Group. Blood glucose self-monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Health Technol Assess 2009;13:iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-50.
42. Zareban I, Araban M, Rohani MR, Karimy M, Zamani-Alavijeh F, Babanejad M, Stein LAR. High blood pressure self-care among hypertensive patients in Iran: a theory-driven study. J Hum Hypertens 2022;36:445-452.
43. Parvizy S, Peyrovi H, Rostami H, Delkhosh M. Males' perspectives on health in Iran: A grounded theory study. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017;31:40.
44. Neutel JM, Smith DH. Improving patient compliance: a major goal in the management of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2003;5:127-132.
45. Khairy S, Aslan A, Samara AM, Mousa I, Alkaiyat AS, Zyoud SH. Factors associated with self-efficacy in patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional study from Palestine. J Health Popul Nutr 2021;40:1.
46. Wang Y, Xu L, Qin W, Zhang J, Xia Y, Jing X, Lu L, Jiao A, Li Y. Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60-74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16:5070.
47. Goldmann E, Jacoby R, Finfer E, Appleton N, Parikh NS, Roberts ET, Boden-Albala B. Positive Health Beliefs and Blood Pressure Reduction in the DESERVE Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2020;9:e014782.
48. AlHadlaq RK, Swarelzahab MM, AlSaad SZ, AlHadlaq AK, Almasari SM, Alsuwayt SS, Alomari NA. Factors affecting self-management of hypertensive patients attending family medicine clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2019;8:4003-4009.
49. De Pasquale C, Pistorio ML, Corona D, Sinagra N, Giaquinta A, Zerbo D, Veroux P, Veroux M. Role of "self-efficacy" in the process of long-term care in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2014;46:2235-2237.
50. Mularcik KA. Self-efficacy toward health behaviors to improve blood pressure in patients who receive care in a primary care network [Master's thesis]. Columbus: Ohio State University; 2010. shorturl.at/fijyM (19 December 2022).
51. Pérez JI, Matud MP. Gender, Stress, and Well-Being in Adulthood. J Clin Med 2022;12:110.
52. Mašina T, Madžar T, Musil V, Milošević M. Differences in Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Among Croatian Medical Students According to Gender and Year of Study. Acta Clin Croat 2017;56:84-91.
53. Chacko S, Jeemon P. Role of family support and self-care practices in blood pressure control in individuals with hypertension: results from a cross-sectional study in Kollam District, Kerala. Wellcome Open Res 2020;5:180.
54. Khan MS, Bawany FI, Mirza A, Hussain M, Khan A, Lashari MN. Frequency and predictors of non-compliance to dietary recommendations among hypertensive patients. J Community Health 2014;39:732-736.
55. Bahari G, Scafide K, Krall J, Mallinson RK, Weinstein AA. Mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between family social support and hypertension self-care behaviours: A cross-sectional study of Saudi men with hypertension. Int J Nurs Pract 2019;25:e12785.
56. Long E, Ponder M, Bernard S. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to hypertension and hyperlipidemia self-management among African-American men living in the southeastern United States. Patient Educ Couns 2017;100:1000-1006.
57. Fan X, Lv F. Psychosocial factors associated with self-efficacy for managing chronic disease in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2016;15:255-261.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18 No 1 (2023): J Teh Univ Heart Ctr | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v18i1.12582 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Self-efficacy Benefits Barriers Perception Hypertension Gender | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Solhi M, Abbasi Z, Rasouli M, Naderi N. Comparison of Perceived Self-efficacy, Benefits, and Barriers of Hypertension Control between Male and Female Patients Referred to Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Tehran. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2023;18(1):52-61.
