A Systematic Review of Oxidative Stress Markers and Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification
-
Seyedeh Sahar Nazemi
,
Sara Samadi
,
Sara Rahsepar
,
Batool Zarei
,
Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
,
Farshad Abedi
,
Navid Omidkhoda
,
Majid Sezavar
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of atherosclerosis, particularly in its subclinical phase, is crucial for reducing mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress markers and coronary artery calcification (CAC), enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of CAC.
Methods: In October 2022, we conducted a systematic search of the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases without language or time restrictions, screening a total of 557 records. We excluded studies involving animals, in vitro experiments, reviews, case reports, clinical trials, editorials, and clinical guidelines. Eligible human observational studies (cohort and cross-sectional) that examined the link between CAC and oxidative stress markers were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed to assess the quality of the included studies.
Results: Our systematic review encompassed 40 studies, all of which included both male and female participants, predominantly using cross-sectional designs. Participants included individuals at low, intermediate, or high risk of coronary artery disease, patients with type 2 diabetes, those with existing cardiovascular disease, and asymptomatic individuals. The studies investigated various oxidative stress markers, including serum uric acid and 8-isoprostane, both of which showed strong correlations with CAC incidence and severity.
Conclusion: Oxidative stress markers may positively correlate with CAC scores, indicating a potential avenue for identifying individuals at heightened risk. This review underscores the need for further studies to facilitate early diagnosis of cardiovascular complications and the establishment of novel pharmacological targets.
1. Lehrke M, Greif M, Broedl UC, Lebherz C, Laubender RP, Becker A, von Ziegler F, Tittus J, Reiser M, Becker C, Göke B, Steinbeck G, Leber AW, Parhofer KG. MMP-1 serum levels predict coronary atherosclerosis in humans. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009;8:50.
2. Drivelegka P, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Angerås O, Bergström G, Schmidt C, Jacobsson LTH, Dehlin M. Association between serum level of urate and subclinical atherosclerosis: results from the SCAPIS Pilot. Arthritis Res Ther 2020;22:37.
3. Kiss LZ, Bagyura Z, Csobay-Novák C, Lux Á, Polgár L, Jermendy Á, Soós P, Szelid Z, Maurovich-Horvat P, Becker D, Merkely B. Serum Uric Acid Is Independently Associated with Coronary Calcification in an Asymptomatic Population. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019;12:204-210.
4. Wong ND, Gransar H, Narula J, Shaw L, Moon JH, Miranda-Peats R, Rozanski A, Hayes SW, Thomson LE, Friedman JD, Berman DS. Myeloperoxidase, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease events. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:1093-1099.
5. Malik R, Aneni EC, Shahrayar S, Freitas WM, Ali SS, Veledar E, Latif MA, Aziz M, Ahmed R, Khan SA, Joseph J, Feiz H, Sposito A, Nasir K. Elevated serum uric acid is associated with vascular inflammation but not coronary artery calcification in the healthy octogenarians: the Brazilian study on healthy aging. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016;28:359-362.
6. Ono M, Takebe N, Oda T, Nakagawa R, Matsui M, Sasai T, Nagasawa K, Honma H, Kajiwara T, Taneichi H, Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Satoh J. Association of coronary artery calcification with MDA-LDL-C/LDL-C and urinary 8-isoprostane in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Intern Med 2014;53:391-396.
7. Atar AI, Yılmaz OC, Akın K, Selçoki Y, Er O, Eryonucu B. Serum uric acid level is an independent risk factor for presence of calcium in coronary arteries: an observational case-controlled study. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2013;13:139-145.
8. Calvo RY, Araneta MR, Kritz-Silverstein D, Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E. Relation of serum uric acid to severity and progression of coronary artery calcium in postmenopausal White and Filipino women (from the Rancho Bernardo study). Am J Cardiol 2014;113:1153-1158.
9. Coutinho Tde A, Turner ST, Peyser PA, Bielak LF, Sheedy PF 2nd, Kullo IJ. Associations of serum uric acid with markers of inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:83-89.
10. Krishnan E, Pandya BJ, Chung L, Dabbous O. Hyperuricemia and the risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis--data from a prospective observational cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:R66.
11. Santos RD, Nasir K, Orakzai R, Meneghelo RS, Carvalho JA, Blumenthal RS. Relation of uric acid levels to presence of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in men free of symptomatic myocardial ischemia with versus without the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:42-45.
12. Andrés M, Quintanilla MA, Sivera F, Sánchez-Payá J, Pascual E, Vela P, Ruiz-Nodar JM. Silent Monosodium Urate Crystal Deposits Are Associated With Severe Coronary Calcification in Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: An Exploratory Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016;68:1531-1539.
13. Sun Y, Yu X, Zhi Y, Geng S, Li H, Liu T, Xu K, Chen L, Wu C, Qi G. A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between uric acid and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with suspected coronary artery disease in China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014;14:101.
14. Zhang Z, Bian L, Choi Y. Serum uric acid: a marker of metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in Korean men. Angiology 2012;63:420-428.
15. Lim DH, Lee Y, Park GM, Choi SW, Kim YG, Lee SW, Kim YH, Yang DH, Kang JW, Lim TH, Kim HK, Choe J, Hong S, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. Serum uric acid level and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals: An observational cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2019;288:112-117.
16. Wang H, Jacobs DR Jr, Gaffo AL, Gross MD, Goff DC Jr, Carr JJ. Longitudinal association between serum urate and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J Intern Med 2013;274:594-609.
17. Berezin AE, Kremzer AA. Serum uric Acid as a marker of coronary calcification in patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease with preserved left ventricular pump function. Cardiol Res Pract 2013;2013:129369.
18. Grossman C, Shemesh J, Koren-Morag N, Bornstein G, Ben-Zvi I, Grossman E. Serum uric acid is associated with coronary artery calcification. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014;16:424-428.
19. Jun JE, Lee YB, Lee SE, Ahn JY, Kim G, Jin SM, Hur KY, Lee MK, Kang MR, Kim JH. Elevated serum uric acid predicts the development of moderate coronary artery calcification independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2018;272:233-239.
20. Kim H, Kim SH, Choi AR, Kim S, Choi HY, Kim HJ, Park HC. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is independently associated with coronary artery calcification in the absence of overt coronary artery disease: A single-center cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e6565.
21. Dayan A, Narin B, Biteker M, Aksoy S, Fotbolcu H, Duman D. Coronary calcium score, albuminuria and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients: associations and prognostic implications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012;98:98-103.
22. Shemesh J, Morag-Koren N, Goldbourt U, Grossman E, Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Apter S, Itzchak Y, Motro M. Coronary calcium by spiral computed tomography predicts cardiovascular events in high-risk hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2004;22:605-610.
23. Eun Y, Lee SN, Song SW, Kim HN, Kim SH, Lee YA, Kang SG, Rho JS, Yoo KD. Fat-to-muscle Ratio: A New Indicator for Coronary Artery Disease in Healthy Adults. Int J Med Sci 2021;18:3738-3743.
24. Wang B, Hua J, Ma L. Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio can predict coronary artery calcification. Pak J Med Sci 2022;38(3Part-I):624-631.
25. Atar AI, Yilmaz OC, Akin K, Selcoki Y, Er O, Eryonucu B. Association between gamma-glutamyltransferase and coronary artery calcification. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:1264-1267.
26. Neogi T, Terkeltaub R, Ellison RC, Hunt S, Zhang Y. Serum urate is not associated with coronary artery calcification: the NHLBI Family Heart Study. J Rheumatol 2011;38:111-117.
27. Harada PH, Benseñor IM, Bittencourt MS, Nasir K, Blaha MJ, Jones SR, Toth PP, Lotufo PA. Composite acute phase glycoproteins with coronary artery calcification depends on metabolic syndrome presence - The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Cardiol 2019;73:408-415.
28. Diederichsen SZ, Grønhøj MH, Mickley H, Gerke O, Steffensen FH, Lambrechtsen J, Rønnow Sand NP, Rasmussen LM, Olsen MH, Diederichsen A. CT-Detected Growth of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Subjects and Association With 15 Biomarkers. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;10:858-866.
29. Larsen TR, Gerke O, Diederichsen ACP, Lambrechtsen J, Steffensen FH, Sand NP, Saaby L, Antonsen S, Mickley H. The association between uric acid levels and different clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2018;29:194-203.
30. Kwaśniewska M, Kostka T, Jegier A, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Leszczyńska J, Rębowska E, Orczykowska M, Drygas W. Regular physical activity and cardiovascular biomarkers in prevention of atherosclerosis in men: a 25-year prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016;16:65.
31. Pesaro AE, Katz M, Liberman M, Pereira C, Mangueira CLP, de Carvalho AEZ, Carvalho KS, Nomura CH, Franken M, Serrano CV Jr. Circulating osteogenic proteins are associated with coronary artery calcification and increase after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2018;13:e0202738.
32. Ramadan MM, Mahfouz EM, Gomaa GF, El-Diasty TA, Alldawi L, Ikrar T, Limin D, Kodama M, Aizawa Y. Evaluation of coronary calcium score by multidetector computed tomography in relation to endothelial function and inflammatory markers in asymptomatic individuals. Circ J 2008;72:778-785.
33. Ehara S, Naruko T, Shirai N, Itoh A, Hai E, Sugama Y, Ikura Y, Ohsawa M, Okuyama T, Shirai N, Yamashita H, Itabe H, Haze K, Yoshiyama M, Ueda M. Small coronary calcium deposits and elevated plasma levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein are characteristic of acute myocardial infarction. J Atheroscler Thromb 2008;15:75-81.
34. Vaidya D, Szklo M, Cushman M, Holvoet P, Polak J, Bahrami H, Jenny NS, Ouyang P. Association of endothelial and oxidative stress with metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis: multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011;65:818-825.
35. Chen LQ, Rohatgi A, Ayers CR, Das SR, Khera A, Berry JD, McGuire DK, de Lemos JA. Race-specific associations of myeloperoxidase with atherosclerosis in a population-based sample: the Dallas Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 2011;219:833-838.
36. Rana JS, Gransar H, Wong ND, Shaw L, Pencina M, Nasir K, Rozanski A, Hayes SW, Thomson LE, Friedman JD, Min JK, Berman DS. Comparative value of coronary artery calcium and multiple blood biomarkers for prognostication of cardiovascular events. Am J Cardiol 2012;109:1449-1453.
37. Cho YK, Kang YM, Hwang JY, Kim EH, Yang DH, Kang JW, Park JY, Lee WJ, Kim HK, Jung CH. Association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and the progression of coronary artery calcification. Atherosclerosis 2015;243:300-6.
38. Gang L, Wei-Hua L, Rong A, Jian-Hong Y, Zi-Hua Z, Zhong-Zhi T. Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase Levels Predict the Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Angiology 2015;66:667-674.
39. Cho HS, Lee SW, Kim ES, Mo EY, Shin JY, Moon SD, Han JH. Clinical significance of serum bilirubin and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels on coronary atherosclerosis assessed by multidetector computed tomography. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015;25:677-685.
40. Saremi A, Howell S, Schwenke DC, Bahn G, Beisswenger PJ, Reaven PD; VADT Investigators. Advanced Glycation End Products, Oxidation Products, and the Extent of Atherosclerosis During the VA Diabetes Trial and Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care 2017;40:591-598.
41. Gross M, Steffes M, Jacobs DR Jr, Yu X, Lewis L, Lewis CE, Loria CM. Plasma F2-isoprostanes and coronary artery calcification: the CARDIA Study. Clin Chem 2005;51:125-131.
42. Castro-Diehl C, Ehrbar R, Obas V, Oh A, Vasan RS, Xanthakis V. Biomarkers representing key aging-related biological pathways are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and all-cause mortality: The Framingham Study. PLoS One 2021;16:e0251308.
43. Juan CA, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:4642.
44. Johnson RJ, Kang DH, Feig D, Kivlighn S, Kanellis J, Watanabe S, Tuttle KR, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Herrera-Acosta J, Mazzali M. Is there a pathogenetic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease? Hypertension 2003;41:1183-1190.
45. Nieto FJ, Iribarren C, Gross MD, Comstock GW, Cutler RG. Uric acid and serum antioxidant capacity: a reaction to atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis 2000;148:131-139.
46. Kanellis J, Watanabe S, Li JH, Kang DH, Li P, Nakagawa T, Wamsley A, Sheikh-Hamad D, Lan HY, Feng L, Johnson RJ. Uric acid stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular smooth muscle cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2. Hypertension 2003;41:1287-1293.
47. Zhang R, Brennan ML, Shen Z, MacPherson JC, Schmitt D, Molenda CE, Hazen SL. Myeloperoxidase functions as a major enzymatic catalyst for initiation of lipid peroxidation at sites of inflammation. J Biol Chem 2002;277:46116-46122.
48. Abu-Soud HM, Hazen SL. Nitric oxide is a physiological substrate for mammalian peroxidases. J Biol Chem 2000;275:37524-37532.
49. Scislowski PW, Foster AR, Fuller MF. Regulation of oxidative degradation of L-lysine in rat liver mitochondria. Biochem J 1994;300 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):887-891.
2. Drivelegka P, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Angerås O, Bergström G, Schmidt C, Jacobsson LTH, Dehlin M. Association between serum level of urate and subclinical atherosclerosis: results from the SCAPIS Pilot. Arthritis Res Ther 2020;22:37.
3. Kiss LZ, Bagyura Z, Csobay-Novák C, Lux Á, Polgár L, Jermendy Á, Soós P, Szelid Z, Maurovich-Horvat P, Becker D, Merkely B. Serum Uric Acid Is Independently Associated with Coronary Calcification in an Asymptomatic Population. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019;12:204-210.
4. Wong ND, Gransar H, Narula J, Shaw L, Moon JH, Miranda-Peats R, Rozanski A, Hayes SW, Thomson LE, Friedman JD, Berman DS. Myeloperoxidase, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease events. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:1093-1099.
5. Malik R, Aneni EC, Shahrayar S, Freitas WM, Ali SS, Veledar E, Latif MA, Aziz M, Ahmed R, Khan SA, Joseph J, Feiz H, Sposito A, Nasir K. Elevated serum uric acid is associated with vascular inflammation but not coronary artery calcification in the healthy octogenarians: the Brazilian study on healthy aging. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016;28:359-362.
6. Ono M, Takebe N, Oda T, Nakagawa R, Matsui M, Sasai T, Nagasawa K, Honma H, Kajiwara T, Taneichi H, Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Satoh J. Association of coronary artery calcification with MDA-LDL-C/LDL-C and urinary 8-isoprostane in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Intern Med 2014;53:391-396.
7. Atar AI, Yılmaz OC, Akın K, Selçoki Y, Er O, Eryonucu B. Serum uric acid level is an independent risk factor for presence of calcium in coronary arteries: an observational case-controlled study. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2013;13:139-145.
8. Calvo RY, Araneta MR, Kritz-Silverstein D, Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E. Relation of serum uric acid to severity and progression of coronary artery calcium in postmenopausal White and Filipino women (from the Rancho Bernardo study). Am J Cardiol 2014;113:1153-1158.
9. Coutinho Tde A, Turner ST, Peyser PA, Bielak LF, Sheedy PF 2nd, Kullo IJ. Associations of serum uric acid with markers of inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:83-89.
10. Krishnan E, Pandya BJ, Chung L, Dabbous O. Hyperuricemia and the risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis--data from a prospective observational cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:R66.
11. Santos RD, Nasir K, Orakzai R, Meneghelo RS, Carvalho JA, Blumenthal RS. Relation of uric acid levels to presence of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in men free of symptomatic myocardial ischemia with versus without the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:42-45.
12. Andrés M, Quintanilla MA, Sivera F, Sánchez-Payá J, Pascual E, Vela P, Ruiz-Nodar JM. Silent Monosodium Urate Crystal Deposits Are Associated With Severe Coronary Calcification in Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: An Exploratory Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016;68:1531-1539.
13. Sun Y, Yu X, Zhi Y, Geng S, Li H, Liu T, Xu K, Chen L, Wu C, Qi G. A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between uric acid and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with suspected coronary artery disease in China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014;14:101.
14. Zhang Z, Bian L, Choi Y. Serum uric acid: a marker of metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in Korean men. Angiology 2012;63:420-428.
15. Lim DH, Lee Y, Park GM, Choi SW, Kim YG, Lee SW, Kim YH, Yang DH, Kang JW, Lim TH, Kim HK, Choe J, Hong S, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. Serum uric acid level and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals: An observational cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2019;288:112-117.
16. Wang H, Jacobs DR Jr, Gaffo AL, Gross MD, Goff DC Jr, Carr JJ. Longitudinal association between serum urate and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J Intern Med 2013;274:594-609.
17. Berezin AE, Kremzer AA. Serum uric Acid as a marker of coronary calcification in patients with asymptomatic coronary artery disease with preserved left ventricular pump function. Cardiol Res Pract 2013;2013:129369.
18. Grossman C, Shemesh J, Koren-Morag N, Bornstein G, Ben-Zvi I, Grossman E. Serum uric acid is associated with coronary artery calcification. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014;16:424-428.
19. Jun JE, Lee YB, Lee SE, Ahn JY, Kim G, Jin SM, Hur KY, Lee MK, Kang MR, Kim JH. Elevated serum uric acid predicts the development of moderate coronary artery calcification independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2018;272:233-239.
20. Kim H, Kim SH, Choi AR, Kim S, Choi HY, Kim HJ, Park HC. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is independently associated with coronary artery calcification in the absence of overt coronary artery disease: A single-center cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e6565.
21. Dayan A, Narin B, Biteker M, Aksoy S, Fotbolcu H, Duman D. Coronary calcium score, albuminuria and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients: associations and prognostic implications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012;98:98-103.
22. Shemesh J, Morag-Koren N, Goldbourt U, Grossman E, Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Apter S, Itzchak Y, Motro M. Coronary calcium by spiral computed tomography predicts cardiovascular events in high-risk hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2004;22:605-610.
23. Eun Y, Lee SN, Song SW, Kim HN, Kim SH, Lee YA, Kang SG, Rho JS, Yoo KD. Fat-to-muscle Ratio: A New Indicator for Coronary Artery Disease in Healthy Adults. Int J Med Sci 2021;18:3738-3743.
24. Wang B, Hua J, Ma L. Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio can predict coronary artery calcification. Pak J Med Sci 2022;38(3Part-I):624-631.
25. Atar AI, Yilmaz OC, Akin K, Selcoki Y, Er O, Eryonucu B. Association between gamma-glutamyltransferase and coronary artery calcification. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:1264-1267.
26. Neogi T, Terkeltaub R, Ellison RC, Hunt S, Zhang Y. Serum urate is not associated with coronary artery calcification: the NHLBI Family Heart Study. J Rheumatol 2011;38:111-117.
27. Harada PH, Benseñor IM, Bittencourt MS, Nasir K, Blaha MJ, Jones SR, Toth PP, Lotufo PA. Composite acute phase glycoproteins with coronary artery calcification depends on metabolic syndrome presence - The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Cardiol 2019;73:408-415.
28. Diederichsen SZ, Grønhøj MH, Mickley H, Gerke O, Steffensen FH, Lambrechtsen J, Rønnow Sand NP, Rasmussen LM, Olsen MH, Diederichsen A. CT-Detected Growth of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Subjects and Association With 15 Biomarkers. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;10:858-866.
29. Larsen TR, Gerke O, Diederichsen ACP, Lambrechtsen J, Steffensen FH, Sand NP, Saaby L, Antonsen S, Mickley H. The association between uric acid levels and different clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2018;29:194-203.
30. Kwaśniewska M, Kostka T, Jegier A, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Leszczyńska J, Rębowska E, Orczykowska M, Drygas W. Regular physical activity and cardiovascular biomarkers in prevention of atherosclerosis in men: a 25-year prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016;16:65.
31. Pesaro AE, Katz M, Liberman M, Pereira C, Mangueira CLP, de Carvalho AEZ, Carvalho KS, Nomura CH, Franken M, Serrano CV Jr. Circulating osteogenic proteins are associated with coronary artery calcification and increase after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2018;13:e0202738.
32. Ramadan MM, Mahfouz EM, Gomaa GF, El-Diasty TA, Alldawi L, Ikrar T, Limin D, Kodama M, Aizawa Y. Evaluation of coronary calcium score by multidetector computed tomography in relation to endothelial function and inflammatory markers in asymptomatic individuals. Circ J 2008;72:778-785.
33. Ehara S, Naruko T, Shirai N, Itoh A, Hai E, Sugama Y, Ikura Y, Ohsawa M, Okuyama T, Shirai N, Yamashita H, Itabe H, Haze K, Yoshiyama M, Ueda M. Small coronary calcium deposits and elevated plasma levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein are characteristic of acute myocardial infarction. J Atheroscler Thromb 2008;15:75-81.
34. Vaidya D, Szklo M, Cushman M, Holvoet P, Polak J, Bahrami H, Jenny NS, Ouyang P. Association of endothelial and oxidative stress with metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis: multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011;65:818-825.
35. Chen LQ, Rohatgi A, Ayers CR, Das SR, Khera A, Berry JD, McGuire DK, de Lemos JA. Race-specific associations of myeloperoxidase with atherosclerosis in a population-based sample: the Dallas Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 2011;219:833-838.
36. Rana JS, Gransar H, Wong ND, Shaw L, Pencina M, Nasir K, Rozanski A, Hayes SW, Thomson LE, Friedman JD, Min JK, Berman DS. Comparative value of coronary artery calcium and multiple blood biomarkers for prognostication of cardiovascular events. Am J Cardiol 2012;109:1449-1453.
37. Cho YK, Kang YM, Hwang JY, Kim EH, Yang DH, Kang JW, Park JY, Lee WJ, Kim HK, Jung CH. Association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and the progression of coronary artery calcification. Atherosclerosis 2015;243:300-6.
38. Gang L, Wei-Hua L, Rong A, Jian-Hong Y, Zi-Hua Z, Zhong-Zhi T. Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase Levels Predict the Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Angiology 2015;66:667-674.
39. Cho HS, Lee SW, Kim ES, Mo EY, Shin JY, Moon SD, Han JH. Clinical significance of serum bilirubin and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels on coronary atherosclerosis assessed by multidetector computed tomography. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015;25:677-685.
40. Saremi A, Howell S, Schwenke DC, Bahn G, Beisswenger PJ, Reaven PD; VADT Investigators. Advanced Glycation End Products, Oxidation Products, and the Extent of Atherosclerosis During the VA Diabetes Trial and Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care 2017;40:591-598.
41. Gross M, Steffes M, Jacobs DR Jr, Yu X, Lewis L, Lewis CE, Loria CM. Plasma F2-isoprostanes and coronary artery calcification: the CARDIA Study. Clin Chem 2005;51:125-131.
42. Castro-Diehl C, Ehrbar R, Obas V, Oh A, Vasan RS, Xanthakis V. Biomarkers representing key aging-related biological pathways are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and all-cause mortality: The Framingham Study. PLoS One 2021;16:e0251308.
43. Juan CA, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:4642.
44. Johnson RJ, Kang DH, Feig D, Kivlighn S, Kanellis J, Watanabe S, Tuttle KR, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Herrera-Acosta J, Mazzali M. Is there a pathogenetic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease? Hypertension 2003;41:1183-1190.
45. Nieto FJ, Iribarren C, Gross MD, Comstock GW, Cutler RG. Uric acid and serum antioxidant capacity: a reaction to atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis 2000;148:131-139.
46. Kanellis J, Watanabe S, Li JH, Kang DH, Li P, Nakagawa T, Wamsley A, Sheikh-Hamad D, Lan HY, Feng L, Johnson RJ. Uric acid stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular smooth muscle cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2. Hypertension 2003;41:1287-1293.
47. Zhang R, Brennan ML, Shen Z, MacPherson JC, Schmitt D, Molenda CE, Hazen SL. Myeloperoxidase functions as a major enzymatic catalyst for initiation of lipid peroxidation at sites of inflammation. J Biol Chem 2002;277:46116-46122.
48. Abu-Soud HM, Hazen SL. Nitric oxide is a physiological substrate for mammalian peroxidases. J Biol Chem 2000;275:37524-37532.
49. Scislowski PW, Foster AR, Fuller MF. Regulation of oxidative degradation of L-lysine in rat liver mitochondria. Biochem J 1994;300 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):887-891.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 19 No 4 (2024): J Teh Univ Heart Ctr | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v19i4.17606 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Oxidative stress Coronary artery disease Systematic review | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Nazemi SS, Samadi S, Rahsepar S, Zarei B, Mohammadpour AH, Abedi F, Omidkhoda N, Sezavar M. A Systematic Review of Oxidative Stress Markers and Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2024;19(4):230-242.
