A Systematic Review of the Instruments Used for Evaluating Causal Beliefs and Perceived Heart Risk Factors
,
Abstract
Background: The etiologies and causal beliefs of heart disease are considered one of the 5 dimensions of health self-regulatory model. Thus, the present study aimed to review the literature and screen the appropriate tools for evaluating the causal beliefs and perceived heart risk factors (PHRFs).
Methods: The review samples encompassed all published articles from 1992 to March 2017. A systematic search was conducted across 6 databases: the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, EBSCO, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. The qualitative evaluation of the articles was examined using the checklists of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) by 2 independent investigators. After the application of the criteria for inclusion in the study, 22 studies were obtained according to the PRISMA guidelines.
Results: A total of 10 504 (50.5% male) patients at an average age of 57.85±10.75 years participated in 22 studies under review. The results of the systematic review showed that 22 tools were available to measure PHRFs. The instruments were categorized into 4 groups of valid scales (6 studies), invalid questionnaires (6 studies), checklists (3 studies), and open-ended single items (7 studies). Only 23.2% of the measuring instruments were sufficiently valid.
Conclusion: The results of this systematic review showed that a limited number of valid tools were available to measure PHRFs. Considering the importance of studying cardiac patients’ perception of the etiology of disease and the paucity of standards and valid grading scales, it seems necessary to design and provide tools with broader content that can cover all aspects of patients’ beliefs.
Soroush A, Komasi S, Saeidi M, Heydarpour B, Carrozzino D, Fulcheri M, et al. Coronary artery bypass graft patients' perception about the risk factors of illness: Educational necessities of second prevention. Ann Card Anaesth. 2017;20(3):303-8.
Murphy B, Worcester M, Higgins R, Le Grande M, Larritt P, Goble A. Causal attributions for coronary heart disease among female cardiac patients. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2005;25(3):135-43.
Emslie, C. Women, men and coronary heart disease: a review of the qualitative literature. J Adv Nurs. 2005;51(4):382-95.
Hagger MS, Orbell S. A meta-analytic review of the common-sense model of illness representations. Psychol Health, 2003;28(2):141-84.
Hirani SP, Newman SP. Patients’ beliefs about their cardiovascular disease. Heart PMC. 2005;91(9):1235–9.
van der Wal MH, Jaarsma T, Moser DK, Veeger NJ, van Gilst WH, van Veldhuisen DJ. Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance of knowledge and beliefs. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(4):434-40.
Perkins-Porras L, Whitehead DL, Steptoe A. Patients' beliefs about the causes of heart disease: relationships with risk factors, sex and socio-economic status. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006;13(5):724-30.
Komasi S, Saeidi M. Screening for depressive symptoms at the beginning of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation by assessed perceived risk factors by patients. Clin Med Rev Case Rep. 2015;2(8).
Saeidi M, Komasi S, Heydarpour B, Momeni K, Zakiei A. Those who perceive their disease as a physiological or psychological risk factor experience more anxiety at the beginning of the cardiac rehabilitation program. Res Cardiovasc Med. 2016;5(4):e29291
Komasi S, Saeidi M. Presentation of new classification of perceived risk factors and etiologies of cardiovascular diseases. ARYA Atheroscler. 2016;12(6):295-6.
Leventhal H, Meyer D, Nerenz D. The common sense representation of illness danger. In: Rachman S, (ed). Medical Psychology New York: Pergamon. 1980.
Hagger MS, Orbell S. A meta-analytic review of the common-sense model of illness representations. Psychol Health, 2003;28(2):141-84.
Broadbent E, Wilkes C, Koschwanez H, Weinman J, Norton S, Petrie KJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Psychol Health. 2015;30(11):1361-85.
Leysen M, Nijs J, Meeus M, Paul van Wilgen C, Struyf F, Vermandel A, et al. Clinimetric properties of illness perception questionnaire revised (IPQ-R) and brief illness perception questionnaire (Brief IPQ) in patients with musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review. Man Ther. 2015;20(1):10-7.
French DP, Senior V, Weinman J, Marteau TM. Causal attributions for heart disease: a systematic review. Psychol Health. 2001;16(1):77-98.
Singh J. Critical appraisal skills programme. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013;4(1):76-7.
Saeidi M, Komasi S. Reliability and validity of perceived heart risk factors scale. Ann Cardiac Anaesthe. 2017;20(1):114-6.
Gholizadeh L, Salamonson Y, Heydari M, Davidson PM. Cardiac patients' causal attributions for coronary heart disease. Int J Res Nurs. 2013;4(1):22-8.
Stafford L, Jackson HJ, Berk M. Illness beliefs about heart disease and adherence to secondary prevention regimens. Psychosom Med. 2008;70(8):942-8.
Fukuoka Y, Dracup K, Kobayashi F, Ohno M, Froelicher ES, Hirayama H. Illness attribution among Japanese patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heart Lung. 2004;33(3):146-53.
Saeidi M, Soroush A, Komasi S, Moemeni K, Heydarpour B. Attitudes toward cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients referred to a cardiac rehabilitation center: Importance of psychological attitudes. Shiraz E-Med J. 2015;16(7):e22281.
Weinman J, Petrie KJ, Sharpe N, Walker S. Causal attributions in patients and spouses following first‐time myocardial infarction and subsequent lifestyle changes. British J Health Psychol. 2000;5(3):263-73.
Perkins-Porras L, Whitehead DL, Strike PC, Steptoe A. Causal beliefs, cardiac denial and pre-hospital delays following the onset of acute coronary syndromes. J Behav Med. 2008;31(6):498-505.
Claassen L, Henneman L, Kindt I, Marteau TM, Timmermans DR. Perceived risk and representations of cardiovascular disease and preventive behaviour in people diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia: a cross-sectional questionnaire study. J Health Psychol. 2010;15(1):33-43.
Arefjord K, Hallaråker E, Havik OE, Mæland JG. Illness understanding, causal attributions and emotional reactions in wives of myocardial infarction patients. Psychol Psychother. 2002;75(1):101-14.
Reges O, Vilchinsky N, Leibowitz M, Manor D, Mosseri M, Kark JD. Perceptions of cause of illness in acute myocardial infarction patients: a longitudinal study. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;85(2):155-61.
Naea De Valle M, Norman P. Causal attributions, health locus of control beliefs and lifestyle changes among pre-operative coronary patients. Psychol Health. 1992;7(3):201-11.
French DP, Marteau TM, Senior V, Weinman JA. Eliciting causal beliefs about heart attacks: A comparison of implicit and explicit methods. J Health Psychol. 2002;7(4):433-44.
Dunkel A, Kendel F, Lehmkuhl E, Hetzer R, Regitz-Zagrosek V. Causal attributions among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: gender aspects and relation to depressive symptomatology. J Behav Med. 2011;34(5):351-9.
Sanderson SC, Waller J, Humphries SE, Wardle J. Public awareness of genetic influence on chronic disease risk: are genetic and lifestyle causal beliefs compatible? Public Health Genomics. 2011;14(4-5):290-7.
Senior V, Marteau T, Weinman J. Perceptions of control over heart disease in people with an inherited predisposition to raised cholesterol. Psychol Health Med. 2005;10(1):16-30.
Bowlin SJ, Morrill BD, Nafziger AN, Lewis C, Pearson TA. Reliability and changes in validity of self-reported cardiovascular disease risk factors using dual response: the behavioral risk factor survey. J Clinical Epidemiol. 1996;49(5):511-7.
Low KG, Thoresen CE, Pattillo JR, Fleischmann N. Causal attributions and coronary heart disease in women. Psychol Report. 1993;73(2):627-36.
Bennett KK, Clark JM, Harry K, Howarter AD. Causal attributions following a cardiac event: Short-and long-term differences in health appraisals and outcomes. Health Psychol Open. 2016;3(1):2055102916632669.
Palmquist AE, Wilkinson AV, Sandoval J-M, Koehly LM. Age-related differences in biomedical and folk beliefs as causes for diabetes and heart disease among Mexican origin adults. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012;14(4):596-601.
Day RC, Freedland KE, Carney RM. Effects of anxiety and depression on heart disease attributions. Int J Behav Med. 2005;12(1):24-9.
Nguyen AB, Oh A, Moser RP, Patrick H. Perceptions of the roles of behaviour and genetics in disease risk: are they associated with behaviour change attempts. Psychol Health. 2015;30(3):336-53.
Moss-Morris R, Weinman J, Petrie KJ, Horne R, Cameron LD, Buick D. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Psychol Health 2002;17:1–16.
Fukuoka Y, Dracup K, Froelicher ES, Ohno M, Hirayama H, Shiina H, et al. Do Japanese workers who experience an acute myocardial infarction believe their prolonged working hours are a cause? Int J Cardiol. 2005;100(1):29-35.
Komasi S, Saeidi M. Aging is an important cause for a lack of understanding of the main risk factor in cardiac rehabilitation patients. Thrita. 2015;4(4):e32751.
Komasi S, Saeidi M. A perceived risk factor may lead to increased anxiety and depression in cardiovascular patients. Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care. 2016;5(4):e34159.
Boynton PM, Greenhalgh T. Selecting, designing, and developing your questionnaire. British Med J. 2004;328(7451):1312-5.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 3 (2020): J Teh Univ Heart Ctr | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v15i3.4217 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Awareness Cardiovascular diseases ; Causality Risk factors | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
